Tofogliflozin hydrate (CSG-452 hydrate) is a potent and highly specific sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.9 nM and Ki values of 2.9 nM, 14.9 nM, and 6.4 nM for human, rat, and mouse SGLT2[1]. Tofogliflozin partially inhibits high glucose-induced reactive oxyen species (ROS) generation in tubular cells[2].